Assessment of maize growth and yield using crop models under present and future climate in southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Maize yield productivity in Ethiopia has been below the genetic potential—constrained, among other factors, by frequent moisture stress due to local weather variability. Changes in climate may exacerbate these limitations to productivity, but current research on projecting responses of maize yields to climate change in Ethiopia is inadequate. The research objectives of this project were to (1) calibrate and evaluate the performance of the APSIM-maize and DSSAT CSM-CERES-Maize models, and (2) assess the impact of climate change on future maize yield. The climate periods considered were near future (2010–2039), middle (2040–2069) and end of the 21st century (2070–2099). Climate simulations were conducted using 20 General Circulation Models (GCMs) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Both crop models reasonably reproduced observations for time to anthesis, time to physiological maturity and crop yields, with values for the index of agreement of 0.86, 0.80 and 0.77 for DSSAT, and 0.50, 0.89 and 0.60 for APSIM. Similarly root mean square errors were moderate for days to anthesis (1.3 and 3.7 days, for DSSAT and APSIM, respectively), maturity (4.5 and 3.1 days), and yield (1.1 and 1.2 tons). Deviations of simulated from observed values were low for days to anthesis (DSSAT: −2.4–2.3%; APSIM: 0–6%) and days to maturity (DSSAT: −0.6–4.4%; APSIM: −1.9–3.3%) but relatively high for yield (DSSAT: −18.5–21.2%; APSIM: −19.1–37.1%). Overall the goodness-of-fit measures indicated that models were useful for assessing maize yield at the study site.

Publication
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, (214-215), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.08.259